Lion Gate Troy
 Medieval Trojan Romance: Bibliography

Adler, Alfred. "Militia et Amor in the Roman de Troie." Romanische Forschungen 72 (1960), 14-29.  [Amor and Militia tend to destroy one another]

Alfonsi, Sandra Resnick. Masculine Submission in Troubadour Lyric. New York: P. Lang, 1986.

Allen, Peter L. The Art of Love: Amatory Fiction from Ovid to the Romance of the Rose. University of Pennsylvania Press, Middle Ages Series. Series Ed. Edward Peters. Philadelphia: Univ. of Penn. Press, 1992. [chapter on history of Ovid in early middle ages' chapter on Ovid in 12th century; chapter on Ovid and Andreas; appendix on sources of Ovid in middle ages; useful historical approach]

Alverny, Marie-Thérèse d'. "Translations and Translators." In Benson, R. et al, Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfth Century. Harvard University Press, 1982: 421-462. [on trilingual Sicily; mostly translated Greek into Latin]

Andreas Capellanus. The Art of Courtly Love.  With Introduction, Translation, and Notes by John Jay Parry. New York: Columbia University Press, 1960.

Antonelli, Roberto. "The Birth of Criseyde--An Exemplary Triangle: 'Classical' Troilus and the Question of Love at the Anglo-Norman Court." In Boitani, ed., The European Tragedy of Troilus, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989, 21-48. [good on Briseis in the Roman de Troie]

Baldwin, Marshall W., Ed. A History of the Crusades. Vol. I: The First Hundred Years. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969. [section on Eleanor and spouse Louis VII on the unsuccessful second crusade which confirmed the French hatred of Byzantium (along with awareness of its splendor)]

Baswell, Christopher. Virgil in Medieval England: Figuring the "Aeneid" from the twelfth century to Chaucer. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Beaton, Roderick. The medieval Greek romance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. [good section on east-west relations in 12th c. lit.]

Benoit de Sainte-Maure. Le Roman de Troie. Publié d'après tous les manuscrits connus. Ed. Léopold Constans. Societé des Anciens Textes Français, 6 Vols. 1904-1912. Rpt. New York: Johnson Reprint Corp., 1968.

Bernardus.  Commentary on the first six books of Vergil's Aeneid. 12th c.  Translated by Earl G. Schreiber and Thomas Maresca. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1979.

Benson, Robert L. and Giles Constable with Carole Lanhon, Eds. Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfth Century. Harvard University Press, 1982.

Berschin, Walter. Greek Letters and the Latin Middle Ages: From Jerome to Nicholas of Cusa. 1980. Trans.from German by Jerold C. Frakes.  Revised and Expanded Edition. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 1988.

Bezzola, R. R. La société courtoise: Littérature de cour et littérature courtoise. (Vol. I of Les origines et la formation de la littérature courtoise en occident (500-1200), 3 vols., Paris, 1944-63. [according to Roberto Antonelli, this is still the best treatment of courtly love at Eleanor of Aquitaine's court]

Blacker, Jean. The Faces of Time: Portrayal of the past in Old French and Latin historical narrative of the Anglo-Norman Regnum. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994. [it studies, perhaps superficially, eight historians, including Benoit.]

Blumenfeld-Kosinski, Renate. "Old French Narrative Genres: Towards the Definition of the roman antique." Romance Philology, 34 (1980-81): 143-59. [deals with Troie; suggested by Douglas Kelly]

-------. Reading Myth: Classical Mythology and Its Interpretations in Medieval French Literature. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997.

Boase, Roger. The Origin and Meaning of Courtly Love: A critical Study of European Scholarship. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1977. 

Braun, Martin. History and romance in Graeco-Oriental literature. New York: Garland, 1987.

Brownlee, Kevin and Marina Scordilis Brownlee. Romance: Generic Transformations from Chrétien de Troyes to Cervantes. Hanover and London: Published for Dartmouth College by University Press of New England, 1985. [theoretical orientation; one article on Eneas by Nichols cited below]

Burgess, Glyn S., Ed. Court and Poet: Selected Proceedings of the Third Congress of the International Courtly Literature Society (Liverpool, 1980). Liverpool: F. Cains, 1981.

-------. "Social Status in the Lais of Marie de France." In The Spirit of the Court: Selected Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the International Courtly Literature Society. (Toronto 1983). Eds. Glyn S. Burgess, Robert A. Taylor et al. Cambridge, Eng.: D. S. Brewer, 1985: 69-78.

-------.  The Lais of Marie de France: Text and Context. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1987.

Bynum, Caroline Walker. Jesus as Mother: Studies in the Spirituality of the High Middle Ages.  Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982. [Wack recommends; on feminine amours]

Calin, William. "Defense and Illustration of Fin'Amor." In The Expansion and Transformation of Courtly Literature. Ed. by Nathaniel B. Smith and Joseph T. Snow. Selected papers from the Second Triennial Congress of the International Courtly Literature Society.  Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1980: 32-48. [A French professor points out that of course there is courtly love.]

-------. The French Tradition and the Literature of Medieval England. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994. [p.xi, defines Anglo-Norman "to comprise all literature written in the French Language in England or for the use of an English (francophone) patron or public..."; p.10 "...Matter of Rome. In the Plantagenet region, probably under...Henry and Eleanor, came into being the first great classicizing endeavour in modern Western culture, the romance adaptations of books from Antiquity: Le Roman de Thèbes, Le Roman d'Eneas, Benoît's Roman de Troie, and the Alexander romances." on romance and hagiography]

Capellanus, Andreas. The Art of Courtly Love. Intro., Trans. and notes by John Jay Parry. New York: Columbia University Press, 1960.

Cholakian, Rouben Charles. The Troubadour Lyric: a Psychocritical Reading. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990.

Ciggaar, K.N. Western Travellers to Constantinople: The West and Byzantium, 962-1204: Cultural and Political Relations. Series: The Medieval Mediterranean, vol. 10. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1996. [mostly on influence of Byzantium on the West via stuff; lots of data.]

Cormier, Raymond. One Heart, One Mind: The Rebirth of Virgil's Hero in Medieval French Romance. University, Mississippi: Romance Monographs, 1973.

-------. "Simon d'Or's Ylias: Some Notes on a Mid-Twelfth Century Troy Poem." In The Spirit of the Court: Selected Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the International Courtly Literature Society (Toronto 1983). Eds. Glyn S. Burgess and Robert A. Taylor et al. Cambridge, Eng.: D. S. Brewer, 1985: 129-136.

Couliano, Ioan P. Eros and Magic in the Renaissance. Trans. Margaret Cook. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. [Wack cites on medieval history of eros]

Curtius, Ernst Robert. European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages. Willard R. Trask, trans. Bollingen Series/Princeton, 1953. First Princeton/Bollingen Paperback Edition, 1973. [200-201 on development of medieval epic scenery]

Denomy, Alexandr J., C. S. B. "The Two Moralities of Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde," Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Vol. XLIV, Ser. IIII, sec. 2 (June 1950): 35-46; rpt in Chaucer Criticism II, 147-59. [on the condemnation of courtly love in 1277 by Tempier and other reasons why courtly love was controversial]

Dronke, Peter. Medieval Latin and the Rise of the European Love-Lyric, Volume I: Problems and Interpretations. Oxford: at the Clarendon Press, 1965. [especially good on pointing out how people had always loved and made poems about loving; examples back to Egypt of the Pharaohs]

Duby, Georges. The Chivalrous Society. Trans. by Cynthia Postan. Berkeley: University of California. Press. 1977. First paperback printing, 1980.

Ehrhart, Margaret J. The Judgment of the Trojan Prince Paris in Medieval Literature. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1987. [good on medieval mss., sources, etc.; 3 traditions: historical, allegorical and  "rationalized" (euhemerized); intro. on classical sources/tradition; most developed on 14th c. allegorical dream visions like Roman de la Rose.]

Eneas: Roman du XIIe Siècle. Ed. J. -J. Salverda de Grave, Les Classiques Français du Moyen Age, Nos. 44 and 62, 2 Vols. 1925 and 1929. Rpt. Paris: Honoré Champion, 1973 (Vol. I) and 1968 (Vol. II).

Eneas: A Twelfth-Century French Romance. Trans., Intro. and Notes by John A. Yunck. No. XCIII Records of Civilization Sources and Studies. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974.

Evans, Helen C. and William D. Wixom, Eds. The Glories of Byzantium: Art and Culture of the Middle Byzantine Era A.D. 843-1261. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1997. [includes impact of Byzantine art on the west, such as a goblet of AbbJ Suger constructed on top of an ancient sardonyx cup]

Faral, Edmond. Recherches sur les sources latines des contes et romans courtois du moyen âge. 1913. Rpt. Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, 1967.

Ferrante, Joan M. and Economou, George D., Eds. In Pursuit of Perfection: Courtly Love in Medieval Literature. National University Publications. Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, 1975.

Fiero, Gloria K., Wendy Pfeffer and Mathe Allain, Eds. and Trans. Three Medieval Views of Women: La Contenance des Fames, Le Bien des Fames, Le Blasme des Fames.  New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.

Gay-Crosier, Raymond. Religious Elements in the Secular Lyrics of the Troubadours. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1971.

Geanakoplos, Deno John. Byzantium: Church, Society, and Civilization Seen through Contemporary Eyes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984. [great selections; on east-west relations; education (Homer basic to rhetorical education in Byzantium)]

-------.  Constantinople and the West: Essays on the Late Byzantine (Palaeologan) and Italian Renaissances and the Byzantine and Roman Churches. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987.

Geoffrey of Monmouth. History of the Kings of Britain. The Sebastian Evans translation; revised by Charles W. Dunn. A Dutton Paperback. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1958. [starts history of Britain with story of Aeneas and the grandson of Ascanius, Brutus, founder of Britain]

Gordon, R. K. The Story of Troilus as told by Benoît de Sainte-Maure, Giovanni Boccaccio, Geoffrey Chaucer, and Robert Henryson. Dutton, 1964. Rpt. U. of Toronto P, 1979.

Gransden, Antonia. Historical Writing in England, Pt. I: 550-1307.  London, 1974.

-------. Historical Writing in England, Pt. II: 1307 to the Early 16th Century. Cornell University Press, 1983.

Graves, Rolande J. Flamenca: Variations sur les thèmes de l'amour courtois. American University Studies, Series II: Romance Languages and Literature, Vol. 5. New York: Peter Lang, 1983.

Greif, Wilhelm. Die mittelalterlichen Bearbeitungen der Trojanersage: ein neuer Beitrage zur Dares- und Dictysfrage. Ausgaben und Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der romanischen Philologie, 61. Marburg: Elwert, 1886. [according to Douglas Kelly, supposedly useful, even if old]

Grigsby, John L. "Three exercises in edification." Romance Philology Vol. 42 (Nov. 88) 174-8. [Roman de Troie en Prose; only on Mss. tradition; Benoit & Trojan war]

Hanning, Robert W. "Engin Twelfth-Century Romance: An Examination of the Roman d'Enéas and Hue de Rotelande's Ipomedon." Yale French Studies, 51 (1974):82-101.

Hansen, Inez. Zwischen Epos und höfischen Roman: die Frauengestalten im Trojaroman des Benoît de Sainte-Maure. Beiträge zur romanischen Philologie des Mittelalters, 8. Munich: Fink, 1971.

Heinrichs, Katherine. The myths of Love: Classical Lovers in Medieval Literature. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1990.

Herbort of Fritslar.  The Leit von Troye. G. Fromman, Leipzig, 1837. [composed between 1210 and 1217].

Jones, Rosemarie. The Theme of Love in the Romans d'Antiquitế Dissertation Series, V (dir. D. J. A. Ross, for Romance). London: Modern Humanities Research Association, 1972. [reviewed by Helaine Newstead in Romance Philology Vol. XXX, No. 4, May 1977, 677. [diss. shows that "courtly love" was never goal, but marriage was]

Joseph of Exeter.  The Iliad of Dares Phrygius.  Translated by Gildas Roberts. Cape Town, 1970.

Kallendorf, Craig. In Praise of Aeneas: Virgil and Epideictic Rhetoric in the Early Italian Renaissance. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England, 1989.

Kazhdan, A. P. and Ann Wharton Epstein. Changes in Byzantine Culture in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985; first paperback printing, 1990. [good photos; art historical approach plus section on literature]

Kelly, Amy. Eleanor of Acquitaine and the Four Kings. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1950.

Kelly, Douglas. Medieval Imagination: Rhetoric and the Poetry of Courtly Love.  Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978.

-------. "Disjointure and the Elaboration of Prose Romance: The Example of the Seven Sages of Rome Prose Cycle." In The Spirit of the Court: Selected Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the International Courtly Literature Society (Toronto 1983). Eds. Glyn S. Burgess and Robert A. Taylor et al. Cambridge, Eng.: D. S. Brewer, 1985: 208-216. [especially good on bibliography on Eneas and Troie]

-------.  Medieval French Romance. Twayne World Authors Series No. 838. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1993. [an up to date overview of names, dates, places, continuities, etc.; chronological lists of Old French Romances; section on writing romances only for commission, like an architect designing and producing a building; patron would specify content and meaning; chapter on sources and good bibliography; a good teaching text; matter of Rome includes Greco-Roman (e.g. Constantinople) material.]

Kelly, Henry Ansgar. "Gaston Paris's Courteous and Horsely Love." In The Spirit of the Court: Selected Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the International Courtly Literature Society (Toronto 1983). Ed. by Glyn S. Burgess and Robert A. Taylor et al.  Cambridge, England: D. S. Brewer, 1985: 217-223. [clever; argues that there is indeed courtly love]

Lage, Guy Raynaud de. Les Premiers Romans français et autres Ếtudes littéraires et linguistiques. Geneva: Droz, 1976. [recommended by Douglas Kelly for background]

Laurie, Helen C. R. "'Eneas' and the Doctrine of Courtly Love." Modern Language Review, Vol. 64 (1969):283-94.

-------. Two Studies in Chrétien de Troyes.  Geneva, 1972.  [57-102 & passim on Eneas]

Lawman. Brut. Translated, with an introduction and notes, by Rosamund Allen. N. Y.: St. Martin's Press, 1992. [intro on Geoffrey and Wace; dates Geoffrey to 1138; accepted as history until 18th c. (p. xiv); starts with fall of Troy]

Lazar, Moshé. Amour Courtois et "Fin'Amours" dans la littérature du XIIe siècle. Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck, 1964.

Leclercq, Jean. Monks and Love in Twelfth-Century France: Psychohistorical Essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979.

Legge, Mary D. Anglo-Norman Literature & Its Social Background. Rpt. of 1963 Ed.  Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1978.

Lejune, R. "Rôle littéraire d'Aliénor d'Aquitaine et de sa famille," Cultura neolatina, 14 (1954), 1-57. [acc. to Roberto Antonelli, this is "still essential for an understanding of the literary role played by Eleanor of Aquitaine"]

Leupin, Alexandre. Fiction et incarnation: Littérature et theologie au Moyen Age. Paris: Flammarion, 1993.

Levinson, J. L. "The Narrative Format of Benoît's Roman de Troie." Romania 100:1:397: pp. 54-70 (1979).

Lumiansky, R. M. "Structural Unity in Benoit's Roman de Troie. Romania LXXIX (1958): 410-24.[on the juxtaposition of four love stories and four war stories: Medea and Jason, Troilus and Briseida, Paris and Helen; Achilles and Polyxena; extremely useful]

-------. "The Story of Troilus and Briseida according to Benoit and Guido," Speculum XXIX (1954) 727-33.

Markale, Jean. L'Amour Courtoise: ou le couple infernal. Paris: Editions Imago, 1987.

Menocal, Maria Rosa. The Arabic Role in Medieval Literary History: A Forgotten Heritage. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1987. [good on transmission of love doctrine into Europe via troubadours et al]

McCash, June Hall. "Marie de Champagne's 'Cuer d'ome et cors de fame': Aspects of Feminism and Misogyny in the Twelfth Century." In The Spirit of the Court: Selected Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the International Courtly Literature Society (Toronto 1983). Eds. Glyn S.  Burgess and Robert A. Taylor et al. Cambridge, England: D. S. Brewer, 1985: 234-45.

Morgan, Gareth. "Homer in Byzantium: John Tzetzes." In Approaches to Homer, ed. by Carl A. Rubino and Cynnthia A. Shelmerdine. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1983. [on 12th c. Byzantine scholar Tzetzes and his attitudes toward and uses of Homer]

Morris, Colin. The Discovery of the Individual: 1050-1200. 1972. Rpt. Toronto: University of Toronto Press in assoc. with the Medieval Academy of America, 1972. [on amicitia and amors and the underlying interest in inner self that can be seen expressed in both]

Newman, F. X., Ed. The Meaning of Courtly Love. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1972.

Nichols, Stephen G. "Amorous Imitation: Bakhtin, Augustine, and Le Roman e' Enéas. In Brownlee, K. and M. S. Brownlee, Romance: Generic Transformation, Hanover: University Press of New England, 1985: 47-73. [ double voice and difference; Lavine's battle between desire and intellect goes back to Augustine.]

Nykrog, Per. "The Rise of Literary Fiction." In Benson, R. et al, Eds., Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfth Century. Harvard University Press, 1982: 593-612. [on "systematic use of personal catastrophe in the romans of the 1170s" p. 609]

O'Donoghue, Bernard. The Courtly Love Tradition. Manchester: University of Manchester Press, 1982.

Owen, Douglas David Roy. Noble Lovers. New York: New York University Press, 1975.      

-------. Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen and Legend. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993. [on the relationship of Eleanor's life to the courtly, and even Trojan, literature of the time; many reviews of this book; good on Eleanor as life, legend and in relation to literature, but not much about Troy]

Pauphilet, Albert. "L'Antiquité et Ếnéas," Chapter III in Le Legs du Moyen Age: Ếtudes de Littérature Médiévale. Melun: Librairie d'Argences, 1950: 91-106. [very Latin-centered]

Poirion, Daniel. "De l' Ếnéide à l' Eneas: mythologie et moralisation." Cahiers de Civilisation Médiévale, 19 (1976). [deals with Troie]

Queller, Donald E., Ed. The Latin Conquest of Constantinople. Major Issues in History. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1971. [on the "diversion" question. Why, exactly, did the 4th crusade sack Constantinople? Was it happenstance? a plot?  We'll never know, but historians love to argue about it.]

Robertson, D. W., Jr. A Preface to Chaucer: Studies in Medieval Perspective. 1962.  3rd. printing, 1973. Princeton: Princeton University Press. First paperback ed., 1969. [Chapter V, "Some Medieval Doctrines of Love."]

Rothschild, Judith Rice. "Manipulative Gestures and Behaviors in the Lais of Marie de France." In The Spirit of the Court: Selected Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the International Courtly Literature Society (Toronto 1983).  Ed.Glyn S. Burgess,Robert A. Taylor et al. Cambridge, Eng.: D. S. Brewer, 1985: 283-88. [Lavine's shooting of Eneas as a "manipulative gesture, perhaps]

Rougemont, Denis de. Love in the Western World. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983.

Schmolke-Hasselmann, Beate. "Middle English Lyrics and the French Tradition--Some Missing Links." In The Spirit of the Court: Selected Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the International Courtly Literature Society (Toronto 1983). Eds. Glyn S. Burgess and Robert A. Taylor et al.  Cambridge, England: D. S. Brewer, 1985: 298-320.

Shirt, D. J. "The Dido Episode in 'Eneas'--The Reshaping of Tragedy and its Stylistic Consequences." Medium Aevum, Vol. 51, No. 1, 1982.

Stevens, John. Medieval Romance: Themes and Approaches. N. Y: Norton, 1973.

Sullivan, Penny. "Translation and Adaptation in the Roman de Troie. In The Spirit of the Court: Selected Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the International Courtly Literature Society (Toronto 1983). Ed. by Glyn S. Burgess and Robert A. Taylor et al. Cambridge, England: D. S. Brewer, 1985: 350-59.

Topsfield, L. T. Troubadours and Love. London: Cambridge University Press, 1975.

"Troubadour." In Alex Preminger et al, Eds. Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics. 1965. First Princeton UP Paperback Edition, 1972): 871.

Triaud, Annie. "Une Version tardive de l'Eneas. In The Spirit of the Court: Selected Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the International Courtly Literature Society (Toronto 1983). Eds. Glyn S. Burgess and Robert A. Taylor et al. Cambridge, England: D. S. Brewer, 1985: 360-72.

Vinaver, Eugene. The Rise of Romance. 1971. Reissued: Cambridge, England: D.S.Brewer, 1984. [aesthetic of interlacing in art and literature in 13th c.; use of analogy and repetition to build sense of inevitability; symbol as access to non-material reality; excellent]

Wack, Mary Frances. "Imagination, Rhetoric, and Medicine in the De amore of Andreas Cappelanus." In Magister Regis: Festschrift in Honor of R. E. Kaske. Ed. Arthur Groos. New York: Fordham University Press, 1986: 101-115.  

-------.   Lovesickness in the Middle Ages: The "Viaticum" and Its Commentaries. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990. [lucid; thorough; on Arabic medical sources of love as disease]

-------. "Lovesickness in Troilus." Pacific Coast Philology 19:55-61 (1984). [on psychological determinism]

Wetherbee, Winthrop. The Cosmographia of Bernardus Silvestris. Trans. With Intro. and Notes. Records of Western Civilization Series. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990. [includes discussions of physics, fate, matter, determinism]

West, Constance Birt. Courtoisie in Anglo-Norman Literature. 1938. Rpt. New York, Haskell House. 1966. [sections on historical background, religious literature, doctrinal literature]

Wigginton, Waller. "The Nature and Significance of the Late Medieval Troy Story: A Study of Guido Delle Colonne's Historia Destructionis Troiae." Diss. Rutgers 1965.

Williams, Clem. C. Jr. "A case of mistaken identity: still another Trojan narrative in Old French prose." Medium Aevum Vol. 53 No. 1 (84): 59-72. [feature article; Benoit; adaptations; on prose versions; mss tradition; Royal Historie de Troie; and Roman en prose; 2 separate works]

Wilmotte, M. "Observations sur le Roman de Troie" Le Moyen Age, 2e série, Tome XVIII (1914): 93-119.

Zink, Michel. "Une mutation de la conscience littéraire: le langage romanesque à travers des exemples français du XIIe siècle." Cahiers de Civilisation Médiévale, 24 (1981), 3 - 27. [recommended by Douglas Kelly as an "important article" for orientation on the prose romances]

 

(c) Diane Thompson : 8/25/1998; updated: 07/12/2006