Magna Carta
 
 
 
Tower of London
The Tower of London, dating to the Norman Conquest of the eleventh century, was a formidable symbol of the power of the feudal monarchy in England during the Middle Ages. Photo Credit: Viraj David
 
Blue Bar
 

The Magna Carta (the Great Charter) was a series of concessions made by King John I (1199-1216) to his rebellious English barons. The failures of the Third Crusade, the expensive ransom of King Richard I, territorial losses in France and a bitter dispute with the Church provoked great unrest in the kingdom. In the Charter, John I recognized the liberties of his vassals, the clergy and the towns and swore to govern by due process of law. Although not a bill of rights, the document did formally define the rights of the barons for posterity.

You have already read a bit about the development of England and France in the previous unit on feudalism.  By the thirteenth century, both kingdoms had emerged from centuries of feudal conflict, consolidated their central territories and begun to embark upon different political paths.  In France, the kings would eventually concentrate political power in their hands and create an absolutist form of government.  In contrast, in England a consultative form of government between the kings and the barons had begun to develop that would eventually lead to the emergence of Parliament.  In this unit of the course, you will focus on a reading and analysis of the Magna Carta, one of the most important English political documents of the Middle Ages.  Please remember that the Magna Carta was not a democratic document.  In fact, it was a feudal document par excellence, codifying the relationship between king, nobility and church which were the basic pillars of feudal society.

Some recommended online lectures and websites:
 
 

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