| During the seventeenth century, England
and France underwent divergent political (and economic) evolutions.  While absolutism emerged
powerful in France, a constitutional system developed in England; simultaneously 
mercantilism emerged in France while capitalism expanded in England.  These contrasting trends set 
the stage for over two centuries of rivalry, usually played out as war, 
between the two countries
and between conservative and liberal political forces 
throughout the Western world.  Liberals 
consistently championed the English constitutional system as a
model, while conservatives supported the example of the French monarchy (See 
Jean Domat (1625-1696), On Social Order and Absolute Monarchy,
            1697).  Liberals also tended to 
support a laissez-faire, capitalist economic system as supposedly existed in England. Some recommended online lectures and websites: 
 | 
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